Evolution of Java Programming Language

Evolution of Java:

First of all, The Java programming language and it's tools that we currenly using is not what actually expected. This language started as a project to give solutions for embedded devices, mobile phones and other portable peripherals. 

Initially, the Java was called Oak. 

Why it is Oak first..? and Why it transformed to Java...?

The team of five technocrats including Dr. James Gosling and also known as Dr. Java, together working on a project, which expected to give solutions on embedded devices, portable smart devices and TV Set top Boxes etc. at Sun Micro Systems. 

In the process of achieving this solution, at their breaktime, team used to relax with a coffee by having a glimpse on a scenery of Oak tree next to their facility. 

Once the project has come to conclusion and in the process of giving a title to it, they noticed the Oak trees [Always observing them in their break time], they named this programming language as Oak.

Oak Logo

Why it transformed to Java..?

When the first version of Oak is about to release, The trademark search revealed that Oak is already registered for Oak Technologies company. Then, Java was named to this project.

In the previous paragraph, it is told that, "team used to relax with a coffee by having a glimpse on a scenery of Oak trees next to their facility...". When one of the team members asked to barista, [Usually a coffee bar tender is called with that name] about the name of the coffee bean that she/he serves in the break..? The reply was "Coffee is made of Java Beans.."

Immediately the name of the project confirmed to be Java and first version 1.0 is released into the industry in the year 1994. Rest we know, how Java programming language was developed and evolved into the bigger scope like smart phones, Inbuild JRE into web browsers etc.

The Oracle claims that more than 1 billion devices uses JRE and millions of developers uses Java and it's tools every day.

Few of the Java products are:

• TV Set top Boxes,
• Android OS
• Realtime JVMs
• Embedded devices
• Almost all Browsers

Java evolved almost 30 years ago since 1994 from it's first version and almost all devices used Java and it's products directly or indirectly in their daily use. Hope Java continues it's charisma infinity days and will do wonders.

Happy Coding..! :)  

Tutorial on Swing Components

 Swing library and it's categorization of components and controls

Basically, Swing library provides around 50+ components. These all components are categorized containers, windows and controls etc. based upon their behavior and working style. 

Apart of  these default components, As I wrote in earlier posts, Swing components are customizable and new components can be invented, on need basis. 

Default Swing components and their categorizations are as below:

• Swing Containers
• Panel
• Tabbed Pane
• Spilt Pane
• Scroll Pane
• Tool Bar
• Internal Frame
• Desktop Pane
• Layered Pane
• Swing Controls
• Label
• Button
• Toggle Button
• Check Box
• Radio Button
• Button Group
• Combo Box
• Check Box
• List
• Text Field
• Text Area
• Scroll Bar
• Slider etc
• Swing Windows
• Dialog
• Frame
• Color Chooser
• File Chooser
• Option Pane
• Swing Menus
• Menu Bar
• Menu
• Menu Item
• Popup Menu
• Separator
• Swing Fillers
• Glue
• Horizontal Glue
• Rigid Area
• Vertical Glue etc.

Example Window with some Controls and containers:

 

Fig 1: Sample Controls from Swing Toolkit

That is all for now. Happy coding!

Tutorial on Swing Containers and Controls

Tutorial on Creating Graphical User Interfaces with Swing and AWT

Graphical User Interface, in short GUI is developed using java programming language's toolkits Swing and AWT. AWT also stands for Abstract Windowing Toolkit.

When Java programming language evolved during the year 1994 - 95,  during it's first version, AWT toolkit was introduced. AWT uses OS graphics which breaks the Java law. i.e Java programming language is platform independent. 

Platform independence means, write once and run anywhere. 

AWT toolkit, uses operating system resources. Hence, using AWT library is heavy, that means, using it takes maximum computers processing and computation time and slows down the computers performance.

And also, there are very limited widgets or components available. Since the native OS also provides limited widgets for Java programming language to use.

To overcome these all issues, the Java team has invented a toolkit or library called, Swing. Swing is included in JFC, which stands for Java Foundation Classes.

Swing is developed using 100 percent java code and does not depend on native OS's resources at all.

Graphics developed with Swing are very quick in response time and has elegant look. And also, Look and Feel is customizable according to the need.

I write about Look and Feel, also called as PLAF [Pluggable Look And Feel] in Swing terminology, in near future.

I also write about Swing containers and components, How actually components and containers can be created by following best coding practices and adding and changing the components' default properties etc. in coming articles.

One of  the best usecases of using Swing library is, Netbeans IDE. Netbeans is industry endorsed for developing desktop application using AWT and Swing toolkits from Java programming language.

You can download Netbeans IDE from here:

                                         Apache NetBeans Releases

To begin, learning Swing toolkit is installing Netbeans and writing Swing code using Netbeans. 

That is all for now. Happy coding :)

    

  

 

Tutorial on Java program for swapping 2 integers

Swapping 2 integers with temporary variable

Swapping Technique:

If there are two variables with some integer values and needed to swap variable a's value in variable b and b's value to a

Swapping two integers with temporary variable is as easy 10 lines of code. It does not include any mathematical operations.

Example:

If variable a has value 10 and variable b has value 20, the algorithm, supposed to swap values in such a way, that variable a will have value 20 and variable b will have 10.

int a = 10; // variable a has 10 as a value

int b = 20; // variable b has 20 as a value

Code

package com.allabtjava.alg;

/**

* @author Nagasharath K

*/

public class Swap_With_Temp {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int a = 10;

int b = 20;

System.out.println("Variable a has " + a + "and b has " + b + "before swapping");

int temp = 0;

temp = a;

a = b;

b = temp;

System.out.println("After swapping variable a has " + a + " and b has " + b);

}

}

Output:

Variable a has 10 and b has 20 before swapping

After swapping variable a has 20 and b has 10

Swapping 2 integers without temporary variable

Now, let us swap 2 integers without the help of temporary variable.

This is possible by storing the difference between variable a and variable b and do the simple

mathamatical operation as done in the below program

Example:

package com.allabtjava.alg;

/**

* @author NAGASHARATH K

*/

public class Swap_Without_Temp {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int a = 70;

int b = 50;

System.out.println("Variable a has " + a + " and b has " + b + " before swapping");

int c = b - a;

a = a + c;

b = b - c;

System.out.println("After swapping variable a has " + a + " and b has " + b);

}

}

Output:

Variable a has 70and b has 50 before swapping

After swapping variable a has 50 and b has 70

SUDOKU - Just for fun!

On the launch of an application user is presented with three options: Easy, Medium and Hard. Easy has 30 numbers on board, medium has 50 and hard option will have only 20 numbers on board. Once the difficulty is selected user will be presented with a Sudoku board. Below the board there will be numbers which one can select to fill the blank spaces on the board. Note that only the correct number can be placed on the specific spot. Once the user fills all the blank spots on the board, means he has correctly solved the puzzle.

Number systems and Conversions

Decimal to Hex Converter

Decimal to Hexadecimal Converter

Enter a decimal number:

Hexadecimal value:

Hex to Decimal Converter

Hex to Decimal Converter

Enter Hexadecimal Number:

Decimal Value:

Binary to Decimal Converter

Binary to Decimal Converter

Decimal Equivalent:

</!doctype>

Tutorial on Java classes and objects

 Java Classes and Objects:

Classes and objects both are treated in similar way in all programming languages. Java is not exception.

Understanding classes and objects with real world example

Consider a physical class room with lot of real world objects. What we Observe in class room..?

• Chairs 
• Table
•  Students
•  Teacher
•  Black board
• Markers and Erasers etc

So, a programmer needs to instruct the computer, how to create a class room object and it's subsequent objects. like, chair, table, teacher and student etc.

If programmer wants to create or develop a School application, he would need to create:

• class room object
• Office room object,
• Student object,
• Stationary object
• Play room object etc

Let us now create School application with above mentioned objects and classes using java programming language.

To create Objects, first of all, we have to create respective classes in java

public class School_Application{

     public Student students;

     public Teacher teachers;

     public ClassRoom classRoom;

      public School_Application(Student students, Teacher teachers, ClassRoom classRoom){

          this.students = students; 

          this.teachers = teachers; 

          this.classRoom = classRoom;

   }

}

Subsequently, programmer needs to create, Student, Teacher and ClassRoom classes and respective objects in main() method.

Objects in java are created using new operator. Example:

School_Application app = new School_Application(student, teachers, classRoom);

Happy coding! :)